Sigmoidoscopy :
Sigmoidoscopy, also known as flexible sigmoidoscopy, is a procedure where the lower part of the large intestine is examined using a sigmoidoscope. It can detect rectal bleeding, changes in the poop, pain in the lower abdomen, and unintentional weight loss. It can find inflammation in the intestinal lining, infected pockets, scar tissue, ulcers in the colon and rectum, gastrointestinal bleeding, and colorectal polyps. Risks include diarrhea and little rectal bleeding. During the procedure, pressure on the rectum may be felt, and there may be a need for a bowel movement and some bloating. It is performed when a patient is having severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, blood, mucus, and pus in stool, and weight loss. Diagnosis can be made by X-rays, screening for colorectal polyps, and growth biopsy. If the results are abnormal, it might indicate anal fissures, anorectal abscess, blockage of the large intestine, cancer, diverticulosis, hemorrhoids, and inflammatory bowel disease.