Hydrocephalus :
Hydrocephalus is a neurodegenerative condition that leads to abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, and excess pressure is placed on the brain due to the increased size of the ventricles. There are four types of hydrocephalus, which include communicating hydrocephalus, hydrocephalus ex vacuo, non-communicating hydrocephalus, and normal pressure hydrocephalus. The symptoms that will be observed in hydrocephalus will be the size of the infant's head becoming large, a bulge seen on the upper part of the head, nausea, seizures, vomiting, loss of appetite, and drowsiness. In case of older children, the symptoms can be blurred vision, balancing problems, headache, no bladder control, lack of coordination, and poor appetite. The symptoms that are seen in adults will be sluggishness, headache, lack of coordination, no bladder control, vision problems, memory loss, trouble walking, and lack of concentration. Hydrocephalus will be diagnosed based on the tests, such as a CT scan, neurological evaluation, MRI scan, and other tests, including spinal tap or lumbar puncture, fundoscopic exam, and intracranial pressure monitoring. The treatment for hydrocephalus will be done with a surgical treatment, and endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV).












