Melasma
Melasma is a common skin condition which most often affects women characterized by hyperpigmentation or dark skin patches usually on the face ,cheeks, forehead, arms that are oval or irregularly shaped due to excessive melanin. It can occur due to various factors like hormonal changes during pregnancy, birth control, thyroid disorders, sun exposure, UV radiation/damage, genetics, skin inflammation or irritation and or certain medications like antiseizure drugs etc,. Melasma causes emotional distress and self consciousness and it is resistant to treatment in many cases . Managment includes sun protection (sunscreen, covering up from direct harsh sun exposure), topical treatments (retinoids, azelaic acid, kojic acid), chemical peels, microdermabrasion, laser therapy, hormone regulation etc.