PCOD :
Polycystic ovary disease (PCOD) / Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age. It is characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, over production of male harmones called androgens and enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts. Symptoms include irregular periods, excessive male pattern hair growth (hirsutism), acne, and weight gain. PCOS increases the risk of infertility, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and endometrial cancer. Although the exact cause is unknown, genetics and insulin resistance are considered to play a significant role in developing PCOD.
Early diagnosis and intervention can help prevent complications and improve quality of life for women with PCOS. Diagnosis involves clinical symptom , physical examimaton, blood tests and imaging studies (ultrasound). Primary treatment goal is to manage the symptoms and reduce long-term health risks through lifestyle changes, medications (like oral contraceptives or metformin), and sometimes fertility treatments as required. Lifestyle modifications like exercise, balanced diet, and weight management play a significant role in improving the symptoms.