Hypospadias :
Hypospadias is a congenital condition or birth defect where the opening tip if the penis or urethra opens on the underside of the penis instead of at the tip of the penis. It can occur due to genetic factors, hormonal influences during fetal development and environmental factors like maternal exposure to certain chemical and family history etc,. It can be of different types like distal hypospadias, midshaft hypospadias(opening is along the shaft of the penis), proximal hypospadias(opening is near the base of the penis or in the scrotum), anterior hypospadias(opening is near the head of the penis), posterior hypospadias(opening is near the base of the penis or in the scrotum).
It is usually identified at birth and signs and symptoms may include abnormal urine flow, curvature of the penis (chordee), increased risk of urinary tract infections, difficulty starting to urinate, narrowing of the urinary stream, spraying or splitting of the urine stream. Treatment is surgical repair to move the urethral opening of tip of penisand improve the urinary flow usually at 6-18 months of age and other supportive care.