Osteoporosis :
Osteoporosis can be termed as the disease of bones. It presents with progressive loss of bone quantity and quality which results increase risks for fracture. Usually, it happens when a body loses too much bone mass and at the same time produces too little bone and such conditions come together. This disease is called a silent disease because the disease travels silently along with the way bone loss occurs and never presents any sign until such time when the occurrence of a fracture, either in the hip, spine, or wrist. Age, gender (particularly after the age of menopause in women), family history, light weight, and lifestyle factors which may include smoking, high alcohol intake, inadequate calcium and vitamin D consumption, are the risk factors for osteoporosis. The chronic diseases that often cause bone loss include rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid disorders, and drugs such as corticosteroids.Diagnosis is most commonly done using tests on bone density like DEXA scan, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Medications used in treating the condition include bisphosphonates, hormone replacement therapy, exercises that bear weight, proper balanced diet, preferably high in calcium and vitamin D, and avoiding falls. Early intervention prevents fractures and maintains its integrity.