UTI :
UTI is an infection of the kidneys, the bladder, ureters, and the urethra. Its most usual cause is generally attributed to bacteria, especially E. coli, one of the normal intestinal inhabitants. Other risk factors may be due to being female, sexually active, having anatomical abnormalities of the urinary tract, or having an immunocompromised system. There may be signs of frequent urination with a strong urge, possibly accompanied by some burning sensation during the act. It may become cloudy and turn dark in color or it may develop a very pungent odor. Pelvic pain may also occur. This could worsen with systemic symptoms such as fever and chills, nausea, and even back pain on the most severe cases where the infection is at the level of reaching the kidneys. Diagnosis is usually confirmed through urine analysis and culture of the urine to identify the causative bacteria. Treatment usually involves antibiotics in treating the infection, and most patients begin to show improvement in symptoms within a few days of beginning medication. Prevention is through increased fluid intake and good hygiene for UTIs. Follow up patients who are likely to undergo repeat infections so the urologists or a physician can identify possible underlying problems and adjust the treatment appropriately.