Flat foot :
Flat foot or flat feet is also known as pes planus. A flat foot is a condition in which arches are flattened of arches in the sole of the foot, and the foot directly touches the ground while walking and standing. There are no symptoms of the flat foot, but if it is severe, it can lead to pain in the foot while walking, pain in the ankle, and results in walking disorders, deformities, and chronic pain even if they are not walking. The causes of flat foot can be congenital reasons, such as club foot, cerebral palsy, down syndrome, Marfan syndrome, tarsal coalition, joint hypermobility syndrome, etc. The acquired causes of the flat foot are arthritis, Charcot foot, tendon dysfunction, and any injury to the foot. A flat foot can be diagnosed by observation, and the doctor may advise foot X-ray, MRI scan, ultrasound, CT scan and plan the further treatment. There is no treatment required for flat foot if there is no pain, but when there is pain in the feet, stretching exercises, arch supports, and physical therapy is advised.