ASD (Atrial Septal Defect) :
An atrial septal defect is a congenital disease that has been found in children since their birth. If there is a hole in between the two atriums of the heart, it is called an atrial septal defect, due to which the oxygenated blood in the left atrium mixes with the blood of the right atrium, which is not oxygenated blood and goes back again into the lungs. Depending on the location of the hole in the septum, the atrial septal defects are divided into four categories, which include Primum, secundum, sinus venosus, and unroofed coronary sinus. Some of the common symptoms a patient with atrial septal defect might experience are shortness of breath, palpitations, swelling in the feet, and severe weakness. Pregnant women with risk factors such as uncontrolled diabetes, usage of tobacco, and excessive alcohol are more prone to give birth to children with atrial septal defects. Diagnosis of atrial septal defect is made by certain investigations like chest X-ray, 2D echo, Transesophageal echocardiogram, and thorough physical examination. Treatment includes atrial septal defect closure.