Flat foot :
Flat foot or pes planus can be referred to as a disease condition which can lead to flattening of arches in the foot sole and thus leads the foot to touch the ground directly during standing or walking. The flat foot can be occurred due to congenital causes such as club foot, cerebral palsy, tarsal coalition, Marfan syndrome, Down syndrome, joint hypermobility syndrome. The acquired causes of flat foot can be arthritis, Charcot foot, and injury to the foot, and tendon dysfunction. There are no significant symptoms of flat foot are observed, but when it becomes severe, it can lead to pain in the ankle, and also leads to walking disorders, pain in the foot while walking, deformities and also causes chronic pain even they are not walking. The diagnosis of flat foot can be made by observation and diagnostic tests such as foot X-ray, MRI scan, ultrasound, CT scan, and further plan the treatment. There is no treatment necessary for flat feet when there is no pain. But when there is pain in the feet, stretching exercises, arch supports, and physical therapy will be suggested.






