Vaginismus :
Vaginismus is a condition characterized by involuntary muscle spasms in the vaginal wall, making penetration difficult during vaginal intercourse or other penetration of the vagina. Although the cause of primary vaginismus is unknown it can occur due psychological factors like fear, anxiety, trauma , physical factors (vulvodynia, vaginal dryness), past experiences (sexual abuse, painful sex), relationship issues, cultural or religious beliefs, strict conservative moral education that can elicit negative emotions etc. Secondary vaginismus is when a person that can previously been able to have penetrative intercourse develops vaginismus due to yeast infections, trauma during child birth and some psychological issues or a combination of both.
Signs and symptoms include difficulty of penetration, pain during attempted intercourse, muscle spasms in the vaginal wall, fear or anxiety related to sex, avoidance of sexual activity etc. Management includes cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), sex therapy, relaxation techniques (breathing, progressive muscle relaxation), vaginal dilators, hormone therapy (estrogen), pain management (local anesthetics), anxiolytics and anti depressants in some cases with other supportive care.