Pericardial effusion :
Pericardial effusion is an accumulation of fluid in the sac-like structure surrounding the heart (pericardium). It occurs due to infections (viral or bacterial including HIV and TB), inflammation, heart surgery.
Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath and palpitations. Diagnosis involves echocardiogram and imaging tests such as CT, MRI. Treatment depends on the cause and severity raning from monitoring to fluid drainage (pericardiocentesis) or surgery.