Nephritis :
Nephritis is defined as inflammation of the tissues of the kidney, thus causing problems in filtering waste from the blood. The main types of nephritis are glomerulonephritis, which is further divided into acute, chronic, membranoproliferative and lupus, interstitial nephritis, and pyelonephritis. It is commonly caused due to infections and autoimmune diseases like lupus and vasculitis. The symptoms of nephritis are infrequent urination, headache, drowsiness, foamy and dark-colored urine, swelling in feet, ankles or legs, weight gain from water retention and high blood pressure. Nephritis is diagnosed by evaluating for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test, serum creatinine, urinalysis and kidney biopsy tests. Nephritis can be managed by taking medications like antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs, controlling high blood pressure, reducing fluid intake and making dietary changes to limit the consumption of potassium, protein and salts.