Aortic Valve Stenosis :
Aortic valve stenosis - is a cardiac condition where there is narrowing of aortic valve , which reduces the blood flow from the lower left chamber called ventricle to aorta and to other parts of the body. This narrowing can result from congenital defects , age related calcification or rheumatic fever. Common symptoms include chest pain ( angina), fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness and fainting especially during physical exertion. As the condition progresses, the heart must work harder to pump blood, potentially leading to heart failure. Diagnosis is typically made through physical examination , echo cardiography, and other imaging studies to assess valve function and severity. Treatment depends on the severity of the stenosis and patients symptoms . Mild cases may require only regular monitoring and medication to manage symptoms. Severe cases often requires surgical treatment such as replacement of aortic valve or transcatheter procedure to restore normal flow of blood and reduce symptoms. Early detection and management are essential to prevent further complications.