Ovarian Cyst :

OVARIAN CYST SYMPTOMS

• Pain in the pelvis shortly before or after beginning a menstrual period
• Pain with intercourse or pelvic pain during movement
• Bloating or swelling in the abdomen
• Pelvic pain -- constant, dull aching
• Sudden and severe pelvic pain, often associated with nausea and vomiting

INVESTIGATIONS /HOW IS OVARIAN CYST DIAGNOSED ?

The individual may have to undergo certain investigations if suspected of an ovarian cyst by the specialist.

• Pelvic exam: a physical examination of the reproductive organs to check for any cysts or tumors.
• Ultrasound: an imaging technique used to visualize the internal organs and diagnose ovarian cysts.
• Laparoscopy: a procedure that involves making a small incision to check for any cysts. This procedure is also performed for the removal of the cyst.

TYPES OF OVARIAN CYSTS

Most ovarian cysts occur as a result of ovulation, (a process in which egg is released from the ovary) these are called functional cysts and are generally harmless, shrinking over time. There are three types of functional cysts:

• Follicular cysts : As a process of menstrual cycle each follicle opens and releases an egg every month . A follicle is defined as capsule that surrounds the egg and is responsible for the release of egg . If the ovulation does not occur or if the egg is not released the follicle may form into a cyst.
• Corpus luteum cysts : After the egg is released from the follicle it develops into corpus luteum and this is responsible for producing the sex hormones named as progesterone and estrogen . A cyst is formed when fluid or blood is collected in the corpus luteum called as the corpus luteum cyst.
• Theca lutein cysts : The Theca Lutein cysts form as a side effect in women who under go infertility treatments by administering hormones . These hormones may stimulate the production of eggs leading to the formation of Theca Lutein cysts

Not all ovarian cysts are formed as a result of the menstrual cycle. Some cysts are unrelated to the menstrual cycle and can be categorized as follows:

• Cystadenomas : These cysts form on the surface of the ovary and can be filled with either thin, watery fluid or thicker, mucous-like material. Cystadenomas have a tendency to grow very large.
• Dermoid Cysts : Also known as teratomas, these non-functional cysts are less common. They develop when non-cancerous tissue grows in the ovary, containing cells of hair, nails, and sebaceous glands. Dermoid cysts are non-cancerous.
• Endometriomas : These cysts are also known as chocolate cysts as they are filled with thick, dark-colored fluid. They occur in individuals with a condition called endometriosis, in which a similar lining of the uterus grows outside of it, including in the ovaries.
• Ovarian Cancer : Unlike the conditions mentioned above, ovarian cancer cysts (tumors) are solid masses of cancer cells.
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) : This is a condition in which multiple small cysts are present on the ovary.

OVARIAN CYST CAUSES

• Most of the ovarian cyst occur as a result of ovulation ( a process in which egg is released from the ovary) these are called the functional cyst . They are harmless cysts and shrink over time

Some of the other causes of ovarian cysts are

• Abnormal cell reproduction :increased cell reproduction can cause cysts like dermoids and cystadenomas
• Endometriosis : This condition can lead to the formation of Endometriomas
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).chronic (long lasting )pelvic infections can lead to the formation of ovarian cysts
• Pregnancy can lead to ovarian cysts
• Previous history of ovarian cyst
• Hormonal imbalance conditions such as Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) PCOD etc associated with obesity

OVARIAN CYST TREATMENT

Most of the ovarian cysts are benign ( non cancerous ) and go away on their own without the need of any medical attention.

In cases of larger cysts and complicated condition you may need to seek an expert’s advise

Treatment and Management of ovarian cyst can be done through Medical management or by surgical techniques.

Medical Management : In the initial conditions the specialist may prescribe certain medications like oral contraceptives to prevent ovulation and to decreases the chance of development of new cysts .

In sever conditions like larger cysts, endometromas, or cancerous cysts there is need to remove the cyst surgically using different options such as :

Laparoscopy Removal : Laproscopy Removal is surgical method where tiny incision is made and the cysts are removed by your surgeon

Removal by Laparotomy : A laparotomy is a surgical procedure performed by your surgeon by a large surgical incision through the abdominal wall to remove the ovarian cyst.

Despite the surgical removal of the cyst the chances of recurrence of the cyst is likely, but this condition differs in every individual

HOW TO CHOOSE A SURGEON AND HOSPITAL FOR OVARIAN CYST SURGERY?

When deciding on a surgeon for Ovarian cyst surgery, several factors should be taken into consideration. These include the surgeon's experience, training, certification, positive reviews, and references. It is advisable to choose a hospital with state-of-the-art technology that is easily accessible to minimize travel time. When making decisions about treatment or surgery options, it is better to consider the experiences of individuals who have undergone treatment for a particular condition, as this can lead to better outcomes.

Skedoc can assist you in finding information related to the best general surgeon, gynecologist, and hospitals. It also makes the process of selecting the right doctor for the right advice easier.

CONSEQUENCES OF DELAYING AN OVARIAN CYST SURGERY

• Rupture and Complications: Large cysts have a tendency to rupture leading to internal bleeding , infection and pain.
• Progression of Cancer: If a cancerous cyst is left untreated it can result in the spread of cancer to other parts of the body.
• Delaying surgery can increase and prolong symptoms associated with ovarian cysts, such as bloating ,pelvic pain, abdominal discomfort etc
• Impact on Fertility :Some ovarian cyst can decrease or affect the chances of conceiving .