Endometriosis :

WHAT IS ENDOMETRIOSIS?

Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the internal uterine lining grows outside the uterus, usually in the pelvic area. This tissue can grow on organs such as the small and large intestines, ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, diaphragm, bladder and ureters, and peritoneum. Because it is a chronic condition, endometriosis can cause severe abdominal pain and uncomfortable symptoms that affect one's daily life. It can also make it difficult for women to get pregnant.

ENDOMETRIOSIS TYPES / STAGES

Endometriosis is a condition that can be classified into four stages based on the site and severity of the condition. The four stages are as follows:

1. Stage 1 (Minimal) - This stage is managed through medication for a certain period.
2. Stage 2 (Mild) - This stage is treated using LAPEX (laparoscopy and excision).
3. Stage 3 (Moderate) - This stage is treated using LAPEX (laparoscopy and excision).
4. Stage 4 (Severe) - This stage is treated via laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy.

ENDOMETRIOSIS SYMPTOMS

The most common symptom of endometriosis is pain, but not all individuals who have endometriosis may experience all the symptoms. In some individuals, even though the severity of the condition is mild, they may experience severe pain and other related symptoms. On the other hand, some individuals might not experience any symptoms of endometriosis, even though they have had the condition for a long time.

Individuals who experience the symptoms of endometriosis may have the following:

1. Painful Menstruation
2. Painful intercourse
3. Infertility issues
4. Abnormal uterine bleeding between periods
5. Painful bowel movement
6. Abdominal pain
7. Lower back pain
8. Fatigue

CAUSES OF ENDOMETRIOSIS

Although several studies have been conducted on endometriosis, the exact cause of the condition remains unknown. One of the most suggested possible causes is "Retrograde Menstruation," which occurs when menstrual blood flows back to the pelvic cavity through fallopian tubes instead of flowing out. The cells present in the blood may stick to the pelvic organs' walls, grow, thicken over time, and shed during menstruation.

DIAGNOSIS

Endometriosis is a type of condition that cannot be diagnosed solely based on symptoms, as most women with this condition do not experience any symptoms. Therefore, a doctor will take an individual's medical history and may also inquire about their family's medical history. Although the doctor may suspect endometriosis based on the individual's medical history, symptoms, and pelvic examination, they may recommend a few diagnostic tests to confirm the condition.

The following are a few diagnostic tests a doctor may recommend:

1. Pelvic Examination : The physician may perform a pelvic exam to detect endometriosis and recommend a laparoscopy procedure to confirm its presence.
2. Laparoscopy : Laparoscopy helps detect the presence of endometriosis and helps to determine the exact stage and severity of the condition.
3. Other Diagnostic Procedures : In exceptional cases, the doctor may recommend special diagnostic techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computerized tomography (CT) scan, or ultrasound to get detailed information about the pelvis. These techniques may help find ovarian cysts, endometriotic cysts, etc.

TREATMENT

Upon obtaining information about an individual's endometriosis condition, a doctor may choose to treat it during laparoscopy diagnosis. The severity of the endometriosis is assessed during this procedure. If the endometriosis is at Stage 1 (minimal), medication may be prescribed for a specific period.

However, if the endometriosis is at Stage 2, Stage 3, or Stage 4, a surgical procedure is necessary. The surgical procedure is used to remove endometriosis lesions and eliminate ovarian cysts. In some cases, where the individual does not wish to conceive in the future, they may undergo a hysterectomy, which involves the complete removal of the uterus and is a permanent solution.

Laparoscopic Procedure : The procedure is an advanced, minimally invasive surgery that is performed under general anesthesia. A small incision is made in the abdomen using a laparoscope, specially designed surgical tools, and a thin, flexible tube with a camera attached to it. The surgeon uses this equipment to visualize the internal pelvic organs, such as the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes, and to look for endometriosis. The surgeon can also treat any endometriosis found during the procedure.

RISK FACTORS & MANAGEMENT

Endometriosis is a painful condition that can significantly affect our daily lives. Therefore, it is important to seek treatment once diagnosed, as leaving it untreated can lead to severe complications. These complications may include severe abdominal pain, blood vomiting, blockage in the fallopian tubes, and the formation of cystic lesions.

Endometriosis is a medical condition that is associated with several risk factors. These factors may include

• Difficulty in conceiving,
• Early onset of menstruation,
• Heavy bleeding during periods,
• Short menstrual cycles,
• Low body mass index (BMI),
• Late onset of menopause, and
• Having a first-degree relative with endometriosis, such as a mother, aunt, or sister.

Endometriosis management typically involves hormonal therapies, laparoscopic surgery, or a combination of both. Additionally, modifying your diet and lifestyle to target your current symptoms may also prove helpful.

HOW DO YOU CHOOSE THE HOSPITAL & THE DOCTOR FOR ENDOMETRIOSIS TREATMENT?

If you're looking for a hospital and doctor for endometriosis treatment, it's important to find a facility that offers advanced medical and surgical treatments administered by experienced specialists. You'll also want to consider factors such as travel arrangements, post-surgery follow-up services, and health insurance coverage.

To ensure the best possible care, it's always recommended to choose a well-experienced gynecologist and obstetrician or a laparoscopic surgeon with expertise in treating endometriosis. A platform like Skedoc can help you find the best hospital and top specialists for your needs.