Urinary Incontinence :
Urinary incontinence is a condition in which there is a loss of bladder control, leading to leakage of urine. It can be constant or occasional leakage. The types of urinary continence can be urge incontinence, stress incontinence, functional incontinence, overflow incontinence, and mixed incontinence. The symptoms that are noticed are frequent urination, frequent waking up in the night to urinate, bed wetting, leakage of urine while coughing, laughing, sneezing, exercising, bending, and during sexual intercourse. The common and short term causes can be pregnancy, urinary tract infections, certain medicines, constipation, etc. The chronic causes can be diabetes, overactive bladder, menopause, stroke, multiple sclerosis, enlarged prostate, Parkinson's disease, and prostate surgery. The investigations done to diagnose urinary incontinence are an examination of the pelvis, urinalysis, digital rectal examination, stress test, ultrasound scan of the abdomen, cystoscopy, and urodynamic tests. The treatment for urinary incontinence can be medications, surgical treatments based on the cause, and lifestyle changes like kegel exercises, retraining of the bladder, and managing fluid intake.