Kidney infection :
This is clinically known as pyelonephritis, the infection of the kidney due to the ascent of bacteria from the bladder and urethra into one or both kidneys. The infection in the kidneys can arise from that in an untreated lower urinary tract infection or other pathology of the urinary tract, including a kidney stone or an enlarged prostate.
Symptoms include fever, chills or lower back and side discomfort, frequent urination, burning, urge to urinate and sometimes cloudy, foul-smelling urine. Occasionally nausea, vomiting, or blood in the urine can be a part of it. Diagnosis is based on the patient's history and physical examination. The tests using urine shall be done to confirm that indeed the bacterium is there, and then imaging test results such as ultrasounds or CT scans shall also be followed through. The main treatment that eradicates the infection is antibiotics. Other severe cases required hospitalization with intravenous fluid and antibiotics administration. Ample water intake, hygiene, and early treatment of UTI are some measures that may prevent a kidney infection. If a person detects the case earlier, complications like renal damage or sepsis would be prevented in a patient.