AV Fistula :
An AV fistula will be known as an arteriovenous fistula, and it is a condition in which blood flows from an artery to a vein by direct connection, which can lead to abnormal blood flow. These AV fistulas can occur in any of the organs and can lead to severe problems when they are seen in the heart, brain, kidneys, and spine. The common causes of AV fistulas will be congenital, injuries, and due to dialysis. The symptoms that are seen in AV fistulas will be skin color changes, swelling, bulging of veins, and the skin around the fistula feels warmer. The diagnosis of AV fistulas will be done through angiogram, duplex ultrasound mapping, and MRI scan. The treatment advised for AV fistulas will include catheter-based procedures, surgery in which the two blood vessels will be separated, and radiation therapy. Most of the AV fistulas do not require any treatment, but treatment is required when there is hemorrhage at the fistula site, disrupted blood flow, expansion, or appearance changes.









