Aortic Valve Stenosis :
A stenosis of the aortic valve is that condition in which the aortic valve has narrowed limiting the blood flow from the heart into the body. It presents with symptoms such as chest pain and dizziness, among other symptoms. Its causes often include an accumulation of calcium on the valve, aging, or sometimes birth defects. In its worse state, it may lead to a failure of the heart to pump its blood if left untreated. The diagnosis can be done with echocardiograms or heart catheterization. Medications are used to manage the symptoms, or surgery can be done in order to replace the diseased valve. If the surgery cannot be risked, a minimally invasive procedure, such as transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), would be conducted.