Acid reflux :
Acid present in stomach flows in one direction and helps in digestion, in case it passes in the other direction and enters oesophagus it is called as acid reflux. Occasional reflux is normal but if its recurrence increases it is known as GERD. Normally it presents with occasional regurgitation of food, acid, liquid [contents of stomach] in to oesophagus. It causes a sensation of burning known as heart burn. It even causes nausea, sore throat. It worsens post a heavy fatty meal, bending over, smoking and alcohol consumption. Lower esophageal sphincter [LES] normally prevents any backward flow of contents from stomach to oesophagus but its incompetence leads to this condition. Certain medication as NSAID, calcium channel blocker, benzodiazepines aggravate this reflux. Chronic cases leads to esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, asthma etc. Upper endoscopy an esophageal PH test helps in proper diagnosis and extent of damage caused by the acid reflux