Tubectomy :
Tubectomy, also known as tubal ligation, is a surgical procedure done in women for permanent contraception. The procedure involves cutting, blocking, and sealing off the fallopian tubes to prevent the eggs from being fertilized by the sperm. Fallopian tubes are cut and tied with a special thread using a clamp during the procedure. It is effective in preventing pregnancy of about 99%. Reasons for tubal ligation are increased risk of pregnancy and when the partner has a genetic disorder. Risks of tubal ligation include bleeding from an incision, infection, damage to the organs inside the abdomen, side effects from anesthesia, ectopic pregnancy, and incomplete closing of a fallopian tube. Conditions that might increase the risk after surgery include diabetes, previous abdominal surgery, pelvic inflammatory disease, lung disease, and overweight. It can be performed in three ways, which are laparoscopic tubal ligation, laparotomy, and mini-aparotomy tubal ligation.