Anal Fissures :
Anal fissures are cracks or splits that form in the lining of the anal canal and eventually cause bleeding and pain while passing stools. The presenting complains of anal fissures include sharp pain while passing stool, burning or itching sensation with passing stool, fresh, red blood in the stool, a lump on the skin near the tear and anal muscle spasms. The causative factors of anal fissures include chronic constipation and straining to stools, chronic diarrhea, infant dyschezia, childbirth, obstructed defecation syndrome, penetration, STIs, inflammatory bowel disease, prior surgeries, tuberculosis, diaper rash and anal cancer. The potential complications induced by anal fissures are anal stenosis, anal fistula and fecal impaction. Anal fissures are managed using various treatment options such as taking medications like nitroglycerin ointment, Botox, and bulk laxatives, calcium channel blockers, and surgical procedures such as internal sphincterotomy.








