Vulvar cancer :
Vulvar cancer is a rare type of cancer that develops in the vulva, the external female genital area/outer portion of the female genitals which mostly effect the labia majora but it can also effect other parts. The various risk factors include old age, Immunodeficiency syndromes, cigarette smoking, northern europeans, HIV/AIDS, multiple sexual partners etc. Vulvar cancer can occur due to Human papillomavirus (HPV), vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), Lichen sclerosus, melanoma, family history and weakened immune system.
Signs and symptoms include itching, burning, or bleeding in the vulva, abnormal vaginal bleeding, painful urination, pain during sex intercourse, lumps or lesions on the vulva , skin changes in color, texture, or thickness etc. Diagnosis is made by physical examination vulvoscopy (colposcopy) , biopsy (removing a tissue sample), imaging studies like ultrasound, MRI , surgical staging (laparoscopy or lymph node dissection) . Management of vulvar cancer is by surgery (removing the tumor and affected tissue), radiation , chemotherapy, targeted therapy, reconstructive surgery if necessary.