Pelvic Inflammatory Disease :
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is an infection of the reproductive organs in women, typically affecting the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It occurs due to various factors like bacterial infections like chlamydia, Gonorrhea, E. coli,tuberculosis, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), intrauterine devices (IUDs), surgical procedures (abortion, cesarean section), poor hygiene. Signs and symptoms include lower abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, fever, painful urination, painful sexual intercourse, abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility issues, pelvic pain or tenderness. Risk factors for pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) include sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), young age ( under 25 years), multiple sexual partners, unprotected sexual intercourse, douching, smoking, substance abuse, low socioeconomic status history of sexual abuse/assault, cesarian section etc.
Diagnosis includes detailed medical history , pelvic examination, vaginal cultures, blood tests, ultrasound , CT scan and laparoscopy in some cases. Immediate attention and treatment is necessary to avoid further complications. Management includes antibiotics (oral or intravenous), pain management, rest and avoidance of sexual activity, hydration and nutritional support, surgical intervention (in severe cases), removal of IUD if necessary and partner treatment if applicable.